Prostate disease is one of the most common and insidious in men over 40. At first, patients may not even know there is a problem, but over time the symptoms become apparent. If you do not see a doctor in a timely manner, prostatitis becomes chronic and complications can arise. Depending on the severity, causes and type of course, different types of prostatitis are distinguished.
Types of prostatitis according to the form of its course:
- acute;
- chronic;
- latent.
What is prostatitis due to the appearance of:
- herpetic;
- bacterial;
- calcareous;
- stagnant;
- contagious;
- purulent;
- Chlamydia;
- Mushroom;
- Gonorrhea;
- fibrous.
classification
Faced with such an uncomfortable disease of the genitourinary system as inflammation of the prostate, many men wonder why they have prostatitis.
Understanding the etiology of the disease will help in its accurate diagnosis and effective prevention.
By the shape of the river
Depending on the course of the course, prostatitis is divided into acute, chronic and latent, a distinction being made between catarrhal, follicular, parenchymal (purulent).
There are the following forms of the disease:
- With catarrhal prostatitis in the male body, urination disorders and pubic discomfort occur. This is the most common type of acute prostatitis.
- Follicular prostatitis is characterized by symptoms such as pain in the groin or anus, fever, and severe urinary tract disease (dysuria). In a more advanced form, acute urination pain and urinary retention occur if the patient postpones the doctor's visit.
- Parenchymal prostatitis - an abscess with purulent contents is formed in the body of the prostate. In this case, there is a fever, severe pain with frequent urination. The temperature rises to 39-40 ° C, stool becomes almost impossible.
Acute prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is a disease in which inflammation of the prostate occurs, which occurs in a short period of time and is characterized by various symptoms. Swelling of the gland occurs, which is caused by the negative effects of pathogenic microflora. Disease-causing bacteria disrupt the integrity of the tissue and cause permanent discomfort in the pelvic area, even at rest.
There are several predominant routes of infection to get into the prostate:
- with inflammation of the rectum - the lymphogenic route;
- after infectious diseases - hematogenous;
- directly through the urethra - canalicular.
Excessive accumulation of contents in the prostate creates excellent conditions for bacteria to grow, which causes various complications:
- Abscess;
- BPH;
- Prostate cancer;
- Loss of potency;
- Infertility.
The symptoms of prostatitis are so painful that the patient is forced to urgently seek help from a doctor. If you don't do this in a timely manner, prostatitis becomes a chronic form that is much more difficult to cure. Antibiotic therapy in combination with drugs that strengthen the immune system is effective in fighting the disease.
Chronic prostatitis
Symptoms of chronic prostatitis usually appear on the background of obstruction of the prostate, which results from an untreated disease in an acute form. Usually occurs in men over 50 who have not sought help and treated themselves. Many of them developed complications due to comorbidities. In addition, at this age, not everyone is sexually active enough, as a result of which the secret in the prostate thickens and stagnates, which leads to dysfunction. Interrupted traffic also leads to fluid stagnation. According to modern research, around 40% of people who experience symptoms of chronic prostatitis have erectile dysfunction problems.
Chronic prostatitis usually has mild symptoms that only appear during an exacerbation. Patients notice dull pain in the groin area, which increases after physical exertion and at the end of the day. Often times, the pain radiates to the lower back, scrotum, and perineum. Frequent urination is noted, especially at night, the current is intermittent, pours crookedly.
Sexual intercourse becomes shorter, an incomplete erection is noted, sometimes there is pain in the glans penis. Infertility usually occurs in people with chronic prostatitis, impotence at this stage of the disease is practically non-existent. Sometimes the color of the genitals changes, due to improper blood circulation, they turn purple.
Each of the symptoms of prostatitis will get worse if left untreated. The condition is similar to the manifestations in the acute course of the disease. Weakening of the immune system, stress, neglect of diet, bad habits - all these lead to the deterioration and worsening of the condition.
Often the chronic form leads to the appearance of symptoms of diseases such as cystitis, kidney disease and adenoma. The risk of urolithiasis and the formation of a malignant tumor increases. Often the pathological process is almost asymptomatic and is discovered quite accidentally during laboratory tests in connection with another disease.
Due to the occurrence
There are many reasons that provoke the development of prostatitis with infectious and non-infectious etiology, as well as predisposing factors. Based on the occurrence, the following types of prostatitis are distinguished:
- bacterial;
- calcareous;
- stagnant;
- contagious;
- purulent.
Lack of exercise, frequent hypothermia, infrequent sexual activity, interrupted sexual intercourse, smoking, alcohol abuse, stressful situations - all these circumstances affect the stagnation of secretions in the vessels of the prostate and in the vessels located next to it. Prostatitis is divided into several forms depending on the reasons for its occurrence.
Bacterial prostatitis
Bacterial prostatitis is caused by bacteria that enter the prostate in a number of ways. It can either be one type of bacteria or a group of bacteria. The disease can be triggered by:
- Mushrooms;
- Gonococci;
- Koch's wand;
- Chlamydia;
- several types of bacteria at the same time.
The inflammatory process is most often associated with the invasion of the prostate by bacteria caused by sexually transmitted diseases. Promiscuous sex with frequent partner changes and without the use of protective agents leads to diseases such as gonorrhea, chlamydia and fungal infections. In addition, the development of pathology is facilitated by a decrease in immunity due to a violation of the work and rest regime. Bad habits like smoking, drinking alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, etc. also lower immunity.
The most obvious symptoms of bacterial prostatitis are burning, pain, and cloudy discharge when you urinate. The odor of urine is unpleasant. General symptoms associated with poisoning are observed: dizziness, weakness, nausea, fever. Pain is noted during ejaculation and there is sometimes blood. With chronic bacterial prostatitis, urination occurs more often, there is a yellowish or greenish discharge from the penis.
Calcareous prostatitis
With calcareous prostatitis, stones form in the ducts of the prostate. This form of the disease is very complex and is accompanied by severe pain. Conglomerates have different origins: phosphates, oxalates with a predominant proportion of calcium and protein.
There are two reasons for the appearance of stones in the ducts: stagnation of the contents of the glands and the throwing of urine into the prostate.
Stagnation is associated with various factors that disrupt the normal outflow of secreted fluid. Prolonged sexual abstinence, hyperplasia, the presence of a tumor blocking the ducts, and a sedentary lifestyle lead to stagnation of secretions and disruption of the vascular and lymphatic systems.
Throwing urine is triggered by a malfunction of the sphincter muscle, which relaxes and urine flows both outward and inward. The presence of stones and sand in the bladder contributes to the development of stones in the prostate canals. They enter there with urine, settle down, and continue to grow, eventually reducing the outlet. Injuries to the genital organs and surgical interventions can lead to dysfunction of the sphincter muscle.
First of all, the calcareous form of prostatitis is asymptomatic as the stones grow, symptoms appear and increase. There is pain in the lower abdomen or scrotum that radiates to the buttocks and lower back. Pain at rest is not observed and occurs only during physical exertion, when defecating and urinating, as well as during sexual intercourse and when walking.
Large stones with sharp edges during their movement injure the canal, which leads not only to pain, but also to the release of blood in the urine and ejaculate. Stone wounds can easily become infected, and then calcareous prostatitis becomes infectious.
After about a month with calcareous prostatitis, the work of the entire body is disrupted, a person feels unwell, suffers from insomnia, increased fatigue and irritability.
In the advanced stages of calcareous prostatitis, after a full diagnostic examination, a drug is prescribed and surgical treatment is carried out to remove conglomerates.
Congestive prostatitis
The stagnant occurrence of prostatitis occurs due to a delay in secretion in the prostate. Most often, such problems are observed in sedentary men who do not exercise. As a result of hypodynamics, there is a violation of the blood supply to the pelvic organs, the prostate suffers from an insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients, stagnation and inflammation occur. If nothing is done, the disease becomes chronic and causes great discomfort.
Congestive prostatitis provokes an irregular sex life or its complete absence. In this case, men should loosen the gland regardless of the secretion, but not overdo it, as regular masturbation can be harmful due to incomplete ejaculation. Many spouses have found a way for themselves to prevent pregnancy as interrupted sexual intercourse. It also leads to incomplete ejaculation and inflammation.
Sometimes hypothermia or varicose vein disease becomes a provoking factor. Anomalies in the structure of the prostate can also lead to stagnation. Regular overheating of the pelvic region and constant constipation impair secretion production. Depending on the factors that provoke the disease, several types of congestive prostatitis are distinguished.
- Venous prostatitis. It occurs in people with varicose veins of the lower extremities. This disease affects all of the organs in the pelvis due to improper blood flow.
- Congestive. It develops with partial emptying of the prostate. The gradual overflow leads to stagnation.
- Chronic. It arises when the wrong lifestyle has become a habit. If nothing is done to change the situation, the disease becomes chronic. It occurs more frequently in single men who already suffer from obesity in adulthood, when the anamnesis is burdened by comorbidities. At this stage, the prostate is often enlarged, which is easy to see on examination.
- Contagious. Associates with the pre-existing inflammation of the prostate when the infection enters the genitourinary system.
The manifested symptoms of prostatitis are caused by difficulty urinating, pain in the groin, tension during bowel movements, and a weakening of sexual activity. As a result of these symptoms, stagnant types of prostatitis develop poor health, irritability, decreased ability to work, and sleep disorders.
Infectious prostatitis
Microorganisms that can cause signs of acute prostatitis to appear include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Eltirococcus, and Klebsiella. There are bacteria that are constantly in the body, but when at rest do not lead to inflammatory processes. When penetrating through the urethra on the mucous membrane of the prostate, the process of development and reproduction of microorganisms begins, as a result of which inflammation develops. Indiscriminate and unprotected sex can also get harmful bacteria into the body.
Typical symptoms are pain in the scrotum, perineum, lower abdomen, lower back, pain and burning in the pelvis. Difficulty urinating, acute urinary retention occurs. In addition to the listed symptoms associated with an infectious type of prostatitis, constipation, discharge from the urethra, hemospermia, and pain during ejaculation may occur.
This is a dangerous disease that, even at its earliest stages, can cause infection in a sexual partner, general blood poisoning, or the development of pyelonephritis and cystitis.
Purulent prostatitis
Purulent prostatitis usually develops when a bacterial infection enters the prostate. The disease occurs in four stages.
- Catarrhal. It develops after acute respiratory viral infections, tonsillitis, and flu. Purulent contents are present in the urine. There is a burning sensation when the bladder is empty. Patients notice a decrease in potency. The process associated with this type of prostatitis affects the surface tissues of the prostate.
- Focus. The process extends to the glandular tissue. The channels swell, the drainage is disturbed. The gland enlarges due to the accumulation of pus excreted in the urine. The body temperature rises.
- Parenchyma. Connective tissue is involved in the process, the edema becomes even greater, the temperature can reach 40 ° C. When there is bursting pain in the spooky anus, a false urge to defecate can be felt.
- Abscessive. The most insidious form of prostatitis. The temperature is very confused, there is abundant pus and excruciating pain. This stage can be complicated by peritonitis and is fatal.
Purulent prostatitis can be complicated by symptoms and diseases such as paraproctitis, paracystitis, abscess, sepsis. Usually these pathologies are treated surgically and involve the removal of purulent sacs.
diagnosis
Diagnosing types of prostatitis is not particularly difficult and begins with the collection of anamnesis, which will help better understand the picture of the disease. Then a rectal examination is carried out, which will determine the size of the gland, determine the type of pain, reveal the presence of edema and seals.
To make a correct diagnosis, laboratory tests are mandatory:
- Analysis of urine;
- Urine culture with a test for susceptibility to AB;
- general blood analysis;
- Analysis of secretion of the prostate;
- Blood chemistry;
- rectal exam.
Additional diagnoses include instrumental research methods. First of all, ultrasound is performed, if necessary, additional MRI and TRUS are prescribed. Relatively recently, a new method of PET examination has appeared, which is considered to be the most informative.
Treat inflammation
Urologists treat all types of prostatitis. Traditional methods are good, but only with a doctor's prescription and with the permission of the treating physician.
First you need to find out the cause of the disease, and only after that you can conduct post-symptomatic treatment.
- Active antibiotic therapy will help cure prostatitis. Parenteral antibiotics are the most effective.
- If the pain syndrome is pronounced, pain relievers and diuretics are indicated.
- With constipation, laxatives are prescribed.
- Novocaine blockade is used for severe pain and difficulty urinating.
- The course of vitamin therapy and immune correctors is shown.
- It is worth following a special diet that excludes spicy, salty, smoked dishes.
- Bed rest is mandatory.
From local procedures, Sitz baths with water, the temperature of which is two degrees higher than body temperature, are shown. Enemas are made with herbal cooking of anti-inflammatory herbs with the addition of 1% anesthetic, while the contents are slowly injected into the intestine and left there as long as the patient withstands.
Physiotherapy treatment also has a beneficial effect on restoring prostate function. Massage of the prostate with acute prostatitis is prohibited, but it is recommended in a chronic form. To restore metabolism, normal blood circulation and relief from edema, UHF and microwave are prescribed.
A catheter is inserted if urinary retention is prolonged. At some stages of the development of the disease, surgical treatment is indicated to open the purulent sacs with the installation of drainage.
Treatment for acute prostatitis lasts from several weeks to a month. A favorable result is usually observed. When the disease has become more complicated or has passed into a chronic stage, the process is difficult, long, and can take several months.
Restrictions on sexual activity and the use of personal protective equipment are indicated during treatment.
Medical physical therapy equipment helps cure prostatitis. It effectively eliminates the symptoms of prostatitis, is able to restore reduced sexual activity, relieve pain, relieve swelling and inflammation. The device can be used at home both for the treatment and for the prevention of diseases of the pelvic organs.
The device relieves muscle tension, improves sperm production, strengthens blood vessels and prevents the development of other possible diseases in the pelvis. The device used to treat prostatitis in men is easy to use, has a controller for heating and vibration modes, and is powered by a network. The compact size allows the device to be used in all conditions.
How can the development of the disease be prevented?
Preventing different types of prostatitis, like any other disease, is a healthy lifestyle, no bad habits, and a balanced diet. If you've been diagnosed with prostatitis, exercise shouldn't be neglected. If foci of inflammation have appeared, you should immediately consult a doctor to eliminate the cause and prevent the infection from penetrating other organs.
You should lead a decent lifestyle, have regular sex with a regular partner. It is important not to forget about personal hygiene of the genitals and not to neglect regular checkups by a urologist. If a man knows what prostatitis can be, and at the same time leads a passive lifestyle, then exercises should be done to prevent the occurrence of constipation in the pelvis.
Let's summarize
Depending on the causes and features of the course, acute and chronic types of prostatitis are diagnosed. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome belongs to a separate group. Acute prostatitis is characterized by clinical manifestations such as chills, fever, and pain. The chronic form may not manifest itself in any way or have a mild picture: a violation of urination, aching pains in the pelvic area, which, if complications arise, can lead to impotence and loss of fertility.
Acute prostatitis develops suddenly and is easy to diagnose. In contrast, chronic prostatitis runs in waves, with periods of remission and exacerbation alternating. In a chronic course, identifying pathogenic microbes can cause certain difficulties. Foci of infection in the genitourinary system cause complications in the form of diseases of organs that are anatomically adjacent to the prostate. Depending on which prostatitis was diagnosed, the urologist will prescribe a differentiated treatment regimen.